*Unit Three Notes One: Industrial Revolution in England*
•beginning: -1750-began in England -by 1850 Great Britain was the weatlhiest country in the world -eventually it spread from there across Europe and to the new world where it eventually made the U.S.
•Agricultural Revolution: -took place before the industrial revolution and made it possible -crop rotation and more productive farming made it possible to produce more crops on less land, with less people -enclosures-land was deeded/owned and fenced
•reasons Britain was first: -population boom -investment in machinery -important resources such as Iron Ore and Coal
•textile industry first: -the spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright's water frame, and the power loom made production efficient -factories were created to keep up production -James Watt's steam engine made the factory system BOOM!
•Transportation Revolution: -in response to the iron/steel/machinery boom, a transportation revolution occurred -more roads and canals -railroads became the biggest factor in the industrial success -the steam engine made the railroads king and demand for iron/coal helped those industries boom as well -ability to transport goods equals more supply and
•The Industrial Factory -factories became the main means of production (no more home goods) -workers were paid wages to work machines -workers had to work on pace and time to keep up with demand -discipline had to be enforced by owners to make money
*Unit Three Notes Two: Beyond England*
*Romanticism: -A movement that was created to move away from classicism and an artistic response to the Industrial Revolution -Individualism, emotion, passion, nature. -Charles Dickens, portrayed life in Industrial England.
*Progress: -The 'Second' Industrial Revolution was characterize by steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum. -1850-World War I -Many new inventors, like Edison, Graham Bell, and Marconi
*The New Production: -Production became more efficient with the invention of assembly line manufacturing by Henry Ford in 1913 -Interchangeable Parts made the manufacturing of machines easier -This allowed for mass production like never before
*Conditions Improve Over Time: -Industrial Revolution created harsh working conditions with long and brutal hours of labor -Even worse living conditions with overcrowding and unsanitary issues at the beginning of the revolution. They lived in overcrowded neighborhoods called TENEMENTS.
*New Order in Larger Cities: -Later in the Revolution saw the development of regular police, fire, sanitation, and local government in larger cities -School was available to more children rather than just wealthy kids
*Industrialization in Japan: -Prior to the 1850's the traditional samurai (Shogunate) culture shut off from the model of the world in Japan -1853- the US Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to grant the US trading power in Japan -they became exposed to industrialization and were inspired Japan to industrialize and leave the traditional way of life -Japan was the 1st Asian nation to industrialize and became stronger than China at the turn of the century
*The United States: -Guilded Age in the US -Transcontinental Railroad bulit finished in 1869 -led to the US over taking Britain as the world leader
*Potato Famine: -1845-1852 -Potato Blight infested crops and spread sickness throughout the country, killing 750,000 and 2 million flee -many Irish immigrated to United States and participated in the labor force during the Guilded Age
*Unit Three Notes Three: Capitalism, Communism, and Socialism*
*Communism: -everyone is treated equally and get paid for what the state thinks is necessary for them to have according to their abilities and needs -more powerful and "fair" compared to capitalism and socialism -destroys all upper class, freeing lower class from any cruel government ruling -Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist (-extreme socialism) (-classless society) (-government controls politics, society, economy) (-redistribution of wealth)
*Socialism: -mixture of capitalism and communism by having free and rules combined -socialism is security, communism is equality, and capitalism is freedom -socialisms purpose is to average the huge gap between upper and lower class -Democratic Socialist believe social and economic decisions should be made by who they most effect (-government controls most of the economy) (-workers most important in society)
*Utopianism: (-people trying to create perfect societies outside of the cities) (-against industrialization)
•beginning:
-1750-began in England
-by 1850 Great Britain was the weatlhiest country in the world
-eventually it spread from there across Europe and to the new world where it eventually made the U.S.
•Agricultural Revolution:
-took place before the industrial revolution and made it possible
-crop rotation and more productive farming made it possible to produce more crops on less land, with less people
-enclosures-land was deeded/owned and fenced
•reasons Britain was first:
-population boom
-investment in machinery
-important resources such as Iron Ore and Coal
•textile industry first:
-the spinning jenny, Richard Arkwright's water frame, and the power loom made production efficient
-factories were created to keep up production
-James Watt's steam engine made the factory system BOOM!
•Transportation Revolution:
-in response to the iron/steel/machinery boom, a transportation revolution occurred
-more roads and canals
-railroads became the biggest factor in the industrial success
-the steam engine made the railroads king and demand for iron/coal helped those industries boom as well
-ability to transport goods equals more supply and
•The Industrial Factory
-factories became the main means of production (no more home goods)
-workers were paid wages to work machines
-workers had to work on pace and time to keep up with demand
-discipline had to be enforced by owners to make money
*Unit Three Notes Two: Beyond England*
*Romanticism:
-A movement that was created to move away from classicism and an artistic response to the Industrial Revolution
-Individualism, emotion, passion, nature.
-Charles Dickens, portrayed life in Industrial England.
*Progress:
-The 'Second' Industrial Revolution was characterize by steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum.
-1850-World War I
-Many new inventors, like Edison, Graham Bell, and Marconi
*The New Production:
-Production became more efficient with the invention of assembly line manufacturing by Henry Ford in 1913
-Interchangeable Parts made the manufacturing of machines easier
-This allowed for mass production like never before
*Conditions Improve Over Time:
-Industrial Revolution created harsh working conditions with long and brutal hours of labor
-Even worse living conditions with overcrowding and unsanitary issues at the beginning of the revolution. They lived in overcrowded neighborhoods called TENEMENTS.
*New Order in Larger Cities:
-Later in the Revolution saw the development of regular police, fire, sanitation, and local government in larger cities
-School was available to more children rather than just wealthy kids
*Industrialization in Japan:
-Prior to the 1850's the traditional samurai (Shogunate) culture shut off from the model of the world in Japan
-1853- the US Commodore Matthew Perry forced Japan to grant the US trading power in Japan
-they became exposed to industrialization and were inspired Japan to industrialize and leave the traditional way of life
-Japan was the 1st Asian nation to industrialize and became stronger than China at the turn of the century
*The United States:
-Guilded Age in the US
-Transcontinental Railroad bulit finished in 1869
-led to the US over taking Britain as the world leader
*Potato Famine:
-1845-1852
-Potato Blight infested crops and spread sickness throughout the country, killing 750,000 and 2 million flee
-many Irish immigrated to United States and participated in the labor force during the Guilded Age
*Unit Three Notes Three: Capitalism, Communism, and Socialism*
*Communism:
-everyone is treated equally and get paid for what the state thinks is necessary for them to have according to their abilities and needs
-more powerful and "fair" compared to capitalism and socialism
-destroys all upper class, freeing lower class from any cruel government ruling
-Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist
(-extreme socialism) (-classless society) (-government controls politics, society, economy) (-redistribution of wealth)
*Capitalism:
•••did presentation•••
(-free market=competition) (-laissez faire: government stays out) (-Adam Smith: supported non-government inference)
*Socialism:
-mixture of capitalism and communism by having free and rules combined
-socialism is security, communism is equality, and capitalism is freedom
-socialisms purpose is to average the huge gap between upper and lower class
-Democratic Socialist believe social and economic decisions should be made by who they most effect
(-government controls most of the economy) (-workers most important in society)
*Utopianism:
(-people trying to create perfect societies outside of the cities) (-against industrialization)