*Unit Five Note One: World War One- The War to End All Wars*
Long Term Causes: ·Imperialism- race for markets, sphere of influence and resources ·Nationalism- my country is better than yours ·Militarism- the expanding and glorification of the military ·Alliances
Nationalism: ·Germany and Italy were divided states until 1861 when Italy Unified and the 1871 when Germany Unified ·Austira-Hungary vs. Serbia for The Balkans
Imperialism: ·Increased rivalries in Europe...
Militarism: ·Glorification of military, weapons and strength. ·Germany wanted to prove its strength against old powers (Great Britain/France)
The Alliance System: ·The Triple Entente- Great Britain, Russian Empire, and France ·Allies (Team Name)- GB, France, Russia, *Italy, Seriba, Romania. ·VS. The Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, *Italy ·Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Breakdown: ·Italy switched sides from Central Powers to Allies ·Russia left war in 1917 ·U.S. replaces Russia to help the allies
The Spark: ·The Balkans was called the "Powder Keg" of Europe. It was all it took to start the war. ·The Archduke Franz Ferdinand- Heir to the Austria-Hungary crown-was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28th, 1914.
Domino into War: ·Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia ·Russia prepared to defend Serbia. ·Germany declared war on Russia. ·France declare war on Germany. ·Great Britain declared war on Germany out of a "moral obligation" to France.
*Unit Five Note Two: The War Unfolds*
Total War: ·War that involves countries using all people and all resources to win a war. ·Countries use propaganda (i.e.- posters that inspire citizens to help) recruit.
Expected Outcome: ·People thought that World War I would be done in less than a year.
The Schlieffen Plan: ·German Strategy ·quickly defeat France and then focus on Russia
Isolationism: ·The policy of staying out of wars that are not geographically close to home. ·President Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. did not want to get involved with Europe's dirty laundry.
The First Battle of the Marne: ·sweep through Belgium and push through France at the First Battle of Marne ·The Germans fought against the British and French. ·Germany marched to the brink of Paris and almost sieged it but the Allies turned the tide ·Result: The Allies held off the German's plan.
Trench Warfare: ·Trench warfare took place on the Western Front. ·Trench warfare came after The Battle of the Marne and resulted in a stalemate. ·The result was very little movement on the Western Front for most of the war.
Life in the Trenches: ·Trench warfare lasted from 1914-1918. ·To prevent foot root, "duck boards" were placed on the ground to walk around.
No Man's Land and Gas: ·No Man's Land was the area between the Trenches. The idea was that no man should be out there if they wanted to live. ·The use of Mustard Gas and Tear Gas was important in Trench warfare and it represented the idea of total war. ·Flame throwers, barbed wire, and sub-machine guns also became part of battle in trenches ·overall, trench warfare resulted in lot of death and not much gain
Big Bertha: ·Howitzer-German heavy artillery
*Unit Five Note Three: Armenian Genocide*
What was it? ·Mass genocide by the government of the Ottoman Empire targeting the Armenian people ·Genocide: organized killing of any religious, ethnic, or political group of people with the aim of complete or partial extermination/destruction
Dates: ·Conventional starting date: April 14th, 1915 ·Lasted from 1914-1918, largely during World War I ·Period of calm after the war, then continuation of horrible acts during 1920-1923 ·1915- international community condemns the Armenian Genocide
Responsible Parties: ·Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)- leading political party of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Young Turks ·Starts with Ideology (ideas and beliefs on world and the way it works)
Human Cost: ·1 1/2 million perished ·2 million lived in the Ottoman Empire before WWI ·1+ million deported in 1915
*Unit Five Note Four: The US Entry into War*
America's Policy: •just left depression so did not want to enter war •provided weapons •isolationism: country ops out of war (out of Europe)
Why did they join? •sinking of US ship (Lusitania) & Zimmernan Telegram •Germany wanted Mexico to invade America
US helps out: •fought Germany •unfinished business from World War 1
Battles: •5 Key Battles: Meuse-Argonne, St. Mihiel, Second Battle of Marine
Wilson's 14 Points: •keep things fair •still tension
Woodrow Wilson: •president during World War 1 •cut down tension
*Unit Five Note Five: End of the War*
Germany Falls: ·Germany was running low on food and supplies to keep fighting ·Ludendorff attempted one last offensive at the 2nd Battle of the Marne ·The Allies defeated them and the Germans were forced to withdraw.
Armistice Signed: ·Armistice- an agreement to stop fighting until an offical treaty is reached ·11/11/1918 ·Germany agreed to sign Woodrow Wilson would put his 14 point plan forward.
Fourteen Points: ·Outlined measure to maintain peace after WWI ·No secret alliances ·Freedom of the Sea ·Free Trade ·Sovereignty of Belgium and Austria-Hungary (became Austria and Hungary) ·League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Versi): ·"Big Four"- Woodrow Wilson (US), Neville Chamberlain (UK), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy) ·Russia, Germany, and German allies were not represented at the conference ·Germany's fate was left to the Big Four.
Long Term Causes:
·Imperialism- race for markets, sphere of influence and resources
·Nationalism- my country is better than yours
·Militarism- the expanding and glorification of the military
·Alliances
Nationalism:
·Germany and Italy were divided states until 1861 when Italy Unified and the 1871 when Germany Unified
·Austira-Hungary vs. Serbia for The Balkans
Imperialism:
·Increased rivalries in Europe...
Militarism:
·Glorification of military, weapons and strength.
·Germany wanted to prove its strength against old powers (Great Britain/France)
The Alliance System:
·The Triple Entente- Great Britain, Russian Empire, and France
·Allies (Team Name)- GB, France, Russia, *Italy, Seriba, Romania.
·VS. The Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, *Italy
·Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Breakdown:
·Italy switched sides from Central Powers to Allies
·Russia left war in 1917
·U.S. replaces Russia to help the allies
The Spark:
·The Balkans was called the "Powder Keg" of Europe. It was all it took to start the war.
·The Archduke Franz Ferdinand- Heir to the Austria-Hungary crown-was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28th, 1914.
Domino into War:
·Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
·Russia prepared to defend Serbia.
·Germany declared war on Russia.
·France declare war on Germany.
·Great Britain declared war on Germany out of a "moral obligation" to France.
*Unit Five Note Two: The War Unfolds*
Total War:
·War that involves countries using all people and all resources to win a war.
·Countries use propaganda (i.e.- posters that inspire citizens to help) recruit.
Expected Outcome:
·People thought that World War I would be done in less than a year.
The Schlieffen Plan:
·German Strategy
·quickly defeat France and then focus on Russia
Isolationism:
·The policy of staying out of wars that are not geographically close to home.
·President Woodrow Wilson and the U.S. did not want to get involved with Europe's dirty laundry.
The First Battle of the Marne:
·sweep through Belgium and push through France at the First Battle of Marne
·The Germans fought against the British and French.
·Germany marched to the brink of Paris and almost sieged it but the Allies turned the tide
·Result: The Allies held off the German's plan.
Trench Warfare:
·Trench warfare took place on the Western Front.
·Trench warfare came after The Battle of the Marne and resulted in a stalemate.
·The result was very little movement on the Western Front for most of the war.
Life in the Trenches:
·Trench warfare lasted from 1914-1918.
·To prevent foot root, "duck boards" were placed on the ground to walk around.
No Man's Land and Gas:
·No Man's Land was the area between the Trenches. The idea was that no man should be out there if they wanted to live.
·The use of Mustard Gas and Tear Gas was important in Trench warfare and it represented the idea of total war.
·Flame throwers, barbed wire, and sub-machine guns also became part of battle in trenches
·overall, trench warfare resulted in lot of death and not much gain
Big Bertha:
·Howitzer-German heavy artillery
*Unit Five Note Three: Armenian Genocide*
What was it?
·Mass genocide by the government of the Ottoman Empire targeting the Armenian people
·Genocide: organized killing of any religious, ethnic, or political group of people with the aim of complete or partial extermination/destruction
Dates:
·Conventional starting date: April 14th, 1915
·Lasted from 1914-1918, largely during World War I
·Period of calm after the war, then continuation of horrible acts during 1920-1923
·1915- international community condemns the Armenian Genocide
Responsible Parties:
·Committee of Union and Progress (CUP)- leading political party of the Ottoman Empire, also known as Young Turks
·Starts with Ideology (ideas and beliefs on world and the way it works)
Human Cost:
·1 1/2 million perished
·2 million lived in the Ottoman Empire before WWI
·1+ million deported in 1915
*Unit Five Note Four: The US Entry into War*
America's Policy:
•just left depression so did not want to enter war
•provided weapons
•isolationism: country ops out of war (out of Europe)
Why did they join?
•sinking of US ship (Lusitania) & Zimmernan Telegram
•Germany wanted Mexico to invade America
US helps out:
•fought Germany
•unfinished business from World War 1
Battles:
•5 Key Battles: Meuse-Argonne, St. Mihiel, Second Battle of Marine
Wilson's 14 Points:
•keep things fair
•still tension
Woodrow Wilson:
•president during World War 1
•cut down tension
*Unit Five Note Five: End of the War*
Germany Falls:
·Germany was running low on food and supplies to keep fighting
·Ludendorff attempted one last offensive at the 2nd Battle of the Marne
·The Allies defeated them and the Germans were forced to withdraw.
Armistice Signed:
·Armistice- an agreement to stop fighting until an offical treaty is reached
·11/11/1918
·Germany agreed to sign Woodrow Wilson would put his 14 point plan forward.
Fourteen Points:
·Outlined measure to maintain peace after WWI
·No secret alliances
·Freedom of the Sea
·Free Trade
·Sovereignty of Belgium and Austria-Hungary (became Austria and Hungary)
·League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Versi):
·"Big Four"- Woodrow Wilson (US), Neville Chamberlain (UK), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
·Russia, Germany, and German allies were not represented at the conference
·Germany's fate was left to the Big Four.