Unit Eight Note Three: The Holocaust

The Nazi View of Jews:
•Aryans were the "master race"

The Beginning:
•In 1935, Hitler and the Nazis passed the Nuremburg Laws- deprived Jews of citizenship and forabde marriages between Jews and non-Jews
•Kristallnacht- "night of the broken glass" Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.

The Fear Spreads:
•Towards the end of 1939, many Jews saw the violence increasing and decided to leave.

Ghettos:
•Hitler isolated Jews in 'ghettos'- segregated Jewish areas

The Final Solution:
•a program of genocide which focused on exterminating all Jews.

Concentration Camps:
•the camps were located in Germany and Poland

The Worst of the Holocaust:
•The Final Stage of the Holocaust was in 1942.

The End:
•Six and a half million Jews died during the Holocaust.
•In 1948, the nation of Israel was established in the area of Palestine.

Unit Eight Note Two: The United States, Japan, and the Pacific

The Japanese:
*The first step for Japan was to conquer large parts of China like Manchuria (Manchukuo)
*Emperor Hitohito and Hideki Tojo believed in the superiority of Japanese.

The Rape of Nanking:
*December of 1937, Japanese attack capital city- Nanking
*For six weeks the Japanese burned, looted, murdered, raped, and destroyed Nanking and it inhabitants

Pearl Harbor:
*December 7th, 1941
*"A day that will lie in infamy." -Franklin Delano Roosevelt
*Pearl Harbor was home to the largest chunk of the US Naval fleet. Japan knew this would be a big blow.

The United State's Response:
*Dwight D. Eisenhower is commander of Forces in Europe
*First focus is liberation of France- Operation Overlord (D-Day)

D-Day:
*Normandy, France
*Operation Overlord- the beginning of the liberation of France. It was led by Eisenhower.
*Beginning of the end of Hitler. By August of 1944. Northwestern France was free of Nazis.

Island Hopping:
*US Commander in the Pacific- Douglas MacArthur
*The United States would "Island Hopping" through various, small Pacific basis and end in Japan

Midway:
*US Fleet commander Chester Nimitiz vs. Japanese Naval Commander Yamamoto
*The US victory was the turning point in the Pacific War

Atomic Bomb
*The atomic bomb was developed as part of the Manhattan Project.
*President Harry Truman had the final decision. He had just recently taken over for Roosevelt.
*In August, 1945, the atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.
*"Little Boy" was dropped on Hiroshima, "Fat Man" was dropped on Nagasaki.
*Hirohito said he could not stand seeing more of his people died. The Japanese surrendered on the USS Missouri shortly after.


Unit Eight Note One: World War Two Begins

Germany:
*Adolf Hitler believed that Germany could build a great civilization
*Lenensraum- living space
*Hitler proposed that Germany be able to revise the unfair provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that had ended World War One.
*Problems at home caused by the Great Depression, however, they were not prepared to take action.
*March of the 1936, Hitler sent German troops into the Rhineland, which was supposed to be a demilitarized area.

Appeasement:
*the Allies gave Hitler a little, in hopes that he would not take a lot.

Italy:
*Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935 with the support of German troops
*Later, Hitler and Mussolini formed the Rome-Berlin Axis.

Czechoslovakia:
*Hitler demanded that the Sudetenland in northwest Czechoslovakia be given to Germany.
*German troops were allowed in Czechoslovakia.
*After the Munich Conference, the British prime minister, Neville Chamberlain, announced that the settlement meant "peace for our time"

Anschluss: the merger or annexation of Austria by Germany

Chamberlain and Hitler:
*Chamberlain believed that Hitler's promises that Germany would make no more demands.

*On September 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland, Great Britain and France then declared war on Germany.*